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Assembly Language Assignment Help

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Assembly Language Assignment Help | Assembly Language Homework Help

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Assembly language is a low-level programming language that provides a direct representation of the computer’s machine code. It is a fundamental programming language that is used to write programs that directly interface with the computer hardware, making it a vital skill for computer scientists, electrical engineers, and other professionals who work with embedded systems, operating systems, and low-level software.

Assembly language programming is complex and requires a deep understanding of computer architecture, operating systems, and low-level programming concepts. This makes it a challenging subject for students, and they may need help with their assignments and projects. AnkitCodingHub.com is an online platform that provides expert homework help in assembly language programming. Our experts have extensive experience in assembly language programming, and they can help students with their assignments, projects, and other academic needs.

Here are three examples of assembly language programming that our experts can help students with:

  1. Counting the number of occurrences of a character in a string:

The following assembly language program counts the number of occurrences of a character in a string. It takes two arguments: the character to search for and the string to search in. The program then iterates through the string, counting the number of occurrences of the character.

section .data
  char db 'a'
  str db 'this is a test string'

section .text
  global _start

_start:
  mov ecx, 0 ; initialize the count to 0
  mov esi, str ; set esi to point to the string
  mov al, char ; set al to the character to search for
loop:
  cmp byte [esi], 0 ; check if the end of the string has been reached
  je end
  cmp byte [esi], al ; check if the current character matches the search character
  jne next
  inc ecx ; increment the count
next:
  inc esi ; move to the next character
  jmp loop ; jump back to the start of the loop
end:
  ; the count is now in ecx
  1. Computing the Fibonacci sequence:

The following assembly language program computes the first n numbers of the Fibonacci sequence. It takes one argument: the number of Fibonacci numbers to compute. The program uses a loop to compute each number in the sequence.

section .data

section .bss
  fib resq 100 ; reserve space for the Fibonacci sequence

section .text
  global _start

_start:
  ; initialize the first two numbers of the sequence
  mov qword [fib], 0
  mov qword [fib+8], 1
  mov rcx, 2 ; start computing from the third number
  mov rax, 1 ; initialize the previous number to 1
loop:
  cmp rcx, 100 ; check if the desired number of Fibonacci numbers has been reached
  jge end
  mov rbx, [fib+rcx*8-16] ; get the previous number
  add rbx, rax ; add it to the current number
  mov [fib+rcx*8], rbx ; store the result in the Fibonacci sequence
  mov rax, [fib+rcx*8-8] ; update the previous number
  inc rcx ; move to the next number
  jmp loop ; jump back to the start of the loop
end:
  ; the first 100 Fibonacci numbers are now in the fib array
  1. Implementing a binary search:

The following assembly language program implements a binary search algorithm to find a number in a sorted array. It takes three arguments: the array, the number of elements in the array, and the number to search for. The program uses a loop to repeatedly divide the search.

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Arduino Assignment Help

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Arduino is an open-source electronic prototyping platform that allows users to create interactive electronic objects. It was developed in Italy in 2005 and has since become very popular among hobbyists, students, and professionals alike. With its easy-to-use hardware and software, Arduino has democratized electronics and enabled people with little to no prior experience in programming or hardware to create their own projects.

The Arduino platform consists of a microcontroller board, a development environment, and a community of users and developers. The microcontroller board is the heart of the platform and provides the hardware interface between the user’s project and the environment. The development environment is a software tool that allows users to write, compile, and upload code to the board. It also includes a library of pre-written code that users can use in their projects. The community of users and developers is a vibrant and active community that provides support, tutorials, and examples of projects that can be built with Arduino.

Arduino is programmed using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), which is a software tool that allows users to write and upload code to the board. The IDE is based on the Processing programming language and provides an easy-to-use graphical interface for writing and uploading code. The code is written in C++, but the IDE provides a simplified version of the language that makes it easier for beginners to understand.

One of the key features of Arduino is its ability to interface with sensors and actuators. Sensors are devices that can detect changes in their environment, such as temperature, light, and motion. Actuators are devices that can cause changes in the environment, such as turning on a light or moving a motor. Arduino provides a wide range of sensors and actuators that can be easily connected to the board and programmed to interact with the environment.

Another feature of Arduino is its ability to communicate with other devices, such as computers and smartphones. Arduino can be connected to a computer or smartphone using a USB cable or Bluetooth, and can exchange data with the device. This allows users to create projects that can interact with the internet, social media, and other devices.

At ankitcodinghub.com, we have a team of experts who are experienced in Arduino programming and can provide homework help, assignment help, and project help. Our experts can help students with a wide range of Arduino projects, from simple LED blinkers to complex robotics projects. We provide step-by-step solutions that are easy to understand and follow, and we always make sure that our solutions are well-documented and commented.

Here are three examples of Arduino projects that our experts have worked on:

  1. Smart Home Automation: Our experts have helped students build smart home automation systems using Arduino. These systems can control lights, fans, and other appliances using sensors and actuators. They can also be programmed to send notifications to the user’s smartphone when certain events occur, such as the door being left open or the temperature getting too high.
  2. Weather Station: Our experts have helped students build weather stations using Arduino. These stations can measure temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure, and can display the data on an LCD screen or send it to a computer or smartphone. They can also be programmed to send alerts when certain weather conditions occur, such as high winds or heavy rain.
  3. Robotics: Our experts have helped students build robots using Arduino. These robots can be programmed to move, sense their environment, and interact with other robots. They can also be programmed to perform specific tasks, such as following a line or avoiding obstacles.

In conclusion, Arduino is a powerful platform for electronic prototyping that has revolutionized the field of electronics. At ankitcodinghub.com, we have a team of experts who are experienced in Arduino programming and can provide homework help, assignment help, and project help.

Here are some examples of Arduino code:

  1. Blinking LED

This is a basic example of how to blink an LED on and off using Arduino. The LED is connected to pin 13 on the Arduino board.

int ledPin = 13;

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  delay(1000);
}
  1. Ultrasonic Sensor

This example shows how to use an ultrasonic sensor to measure distance using Arduino. The ultrasonic sensor is connected to pins 11 and 12 on the Arduino board.

const int trigPin = 11;
const int echoPin = 12;

void setup() {
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  int distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");

  delay(500);
}
  1. Servo Motor

This example shows how to use a servo motor to control the position of an object using Arduino. The servo motor is connected to pin 9 on the Arduino board.

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo;

void setup() {
  myservo.attach(9);
}

void loop() {
  for (int pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 1) {
    myservo.write(pos);
    delay(15);
  }
  for (int pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) {
    myservo.write(pos);
    delay(15);
  }
}

These are just a few examples of the many things you can do with Arduino. At AnkitCodingHub, we have experts who are proficient in Arduino and can provide you with comprehensive homework help and support with your projects.

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HTML Assignment Help

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HTML Assignment Help | HTML Homework Help

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a standard markup language used for creating web pages and applications. It is the backbone of the World Wide Web, and it’s used to structure and format content for display on the web.

HTML consists of a series of elements or tags that define how content should be displayed in a web browser. These tags include headings, paragraphs, links, images, tables, and more. By combining these elements, developers can create complex web pages and applications.

HTML is a core technology of the web, and it is essential for anyone who wants to build websites or web applications. In this post, we’ll discuss HTML in more detail and explore how AnkitCodingHub.com can help students with their HTML homework assignments.

HTML Examples:

  1. Basic Webpage Structure Here’s an example of a basic HTML webpage structure. This includes the HTML, head, and body tags, as well as the title tag, which appears in the browser’s title bar. Inside the body tag, we have a header, paragraph, and an image:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>My Webpage</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <header>
            <h1>Welcome to my webpage</h1>
        </header>
        <p>This is some text on my webpage.</p>
        <img src="image.jpg" alt="My image">
    </body>
</html>
  1. Creating Links HTML allows developers to create links between pages or different parts of the same page. Here’s an example of a link that takes users to another webpage when clicked:
<a href="http://www.example.com">Click here to visit Example.com</a>
  1. Building Tables Tables are a powerful tool for displaying data in HTML. Here’s an example of a simple table with three columns and three rows:
<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Column 1</th>
            <th>Column 2</th>
            <th>Column 3</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>Row 1, Column 1</td>
            <td>Row 1, Column 2</td>
            <td>Row 1, Column 3</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Row 2, Column 1</td>
            <td>Row 2, Column 2</td>
            <td>Row 2, Column 3</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Row 3, Column 1</td>
            <td>Row 3, Column 2</td>
            <td>Row 3, Column 3</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

At AnkitCodingHub.com, we have a team of experienced HTML developers who are well-versed in all aspects of HTML programming. Our experts can provide homework help to students who are struggling with HTML assignments, and they can also help students learn HTML from scratch.

We offer personalized, one-on-one tutoring sessions to help students improve their understanding of HTML, and we can provide guidance on all aspects of HTML programming, including basic syntax, tags, and advanced features like CSS and JavaScript.

Whether you need help with a simple HTML webpage or a complex web application, our experts have the skills and expertise to help you succeed. We understand that HTML can be challenging for some students, which is why we take a personalized approach to every assignment and provide comprehensive support throughout the learning process.

In conclusion, HTML is a fundamental technology for anyone interested.

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AJAX Assignment Help

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AJAX Assignment Help | AJAX Homework Help

Ajax, which stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, is a web development technique that enables the creation of dynamic web applications. It allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data with a web server in the background, without having to reload the entire page. The technology is based on a set of web development technologies, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and XML or JSON, that work together to make the process of exchanging data between the client and server more efficient and seamless.

Ajax is used to build responsive, interactive web applications, and it has become an essential tool for modern web development. It has enabled web developers to create web applications that provide a better user experience and faster response times. Ajax can be used to build a wide range of web applications, including online shopping carts, real-time messaging applications, social media platforms, and more.

Ankitcodinghub.com has expertise in providing Ajax homework help to students who are struggling with Ajax assignments. Our team of experienced developers has a deep understanding of the technology and can provide expert guidance on how to use Ajax to create dynamic, responsive web applications.

Here are three examples of how Ajax is used in web development:

  1. Dynamic Form Submission

Ajax can be used to submit form data without having to reload the entire page. This technique is known as dynamic form submission, and it allows web developers to create forms that are more responsive and efficient. Instead of reloading the entire page every time a form is submitted, only the relevant form data is sent to the server and the page is updated with the response.

Here is an example of how dynamic form submission can be implemented using Ajax:

<form id="myForm" action="submit.php" method="post">
   <input type="text" name="name" />
   <input type="email" name="email" />
   <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

<script>
   $(document).ready(function() {
      $('#myForm').submit(function(event) {
         // Stop form from submitting normally
         event.preventDefault();
         
         // Get form data
         var formData = $(this).serialize();
         
         // Send form data using Ajax
         $.ajax({
            url: $(this).attr('action'),
            type: $(this).attr('method'),
            data: formData,
            success: function(response) {
               // Update page with response
               $('#myForm').html(response);
            }
         });
      });
   });
</script>
  1. Real-Time Messaging

Ajax can also be used to create real-time messaging applications that allow users to communicate with each other in real-time. This is achieved by using Ajax to exchange data between the client and server, without having to reload the page.

Here is an example of how real-time messaging can be implemented using Ajax:

<div id="messages"></div>

<script>
   // Function to update messages
   function updateMessages() {
      $.ajax({
         url: 'get_messages.php',
         type: 'get',
         success: function(response) {
            // Update messages
            $('#messages').html(response);
         }
      });
   }
   
   // Call updateMessages function every 5 seconds
   setInterval(updateMessages, 5000);
</script>
  1. Auto-Suggest Search

Ajax can also be used to implement auto-suggest search functionality, which provides users with suggested search terms as they type in the search box. This can help users find what they are looking for more quickly and efficiently.

Here is an example of how auto-suggest search can be implemented using Ajax:

<input type="text" id="search" />

<div id="suggestions"></div>

<script>
   // Function to get search suggestions
   function getSuggestions() {
      var searchTerm

Ajax is often used in modern web development to create dynamic and interactive web pages without requiring a full page reload. It is a combination of several web development technologies, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and XML. By using Ajax, web developers can create websites and web applications that respond quickly and smoothly to user actions, enhancing the user experience.

One of the key benefits of Ajax is that it allows web developers to update parts of a web page without having to reload the entire page. This means that users can interact with a website or web application without experiencing any lag or delay. Ajax also allows for asynchronous requests to be made, meaning that multiple requests can be made at the same time without any delay in the user experience.

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C Assignment Help

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C Programming Assignment Help | C Programming Homework Help

Introduction to C Programming

C programming is a high-level programming language that is used to create system applications, operating systems, embedded systems, and software. It is a general-purpose programming language that was developed by Dennis Ritchie in the early 1970s at Bell Labs. The language was designed to support structured programming, which is a programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of clear and organized code.

C programming is a low-level language that provides direct access to memory, hardware, and system resources. It has a simple syntax and powerful control structures, which makes it an efficient language for creating fast and reliable software. Some of the notable features of C programming include the ability to write inline assembly code, support for pointers, and dynamic memory allocation.

C Programming Examples

  1. Hello World Program

The “Hello World” program is the most basic program that can be written in any programming language. It simply prints the message “Hello, World!” to the console. Here is an example of the “Hello World” program in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0;
}

In this program, we include the stdio.h header file, which provides input and output functions. We then define the main function, which is the entry point of the program. Inside the main function, we call the printf function to print the message “Hello, World!” to the console. The return 0 statement is used to indicate that the program has executed successfully.

  1. Factorial Program

The factorial of a non-negative integer n is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. Here is an example of a factorial program in C:

#include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int n) {
    if (n == 0) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        return n * factorial(n - 1);
    }
}

int main() {
    int n = 5;
    int result = factorial(n);
    printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", n, result);
    return 0;
}

In this program, we define a recursive function factorial that calculates the factorial of a given integer n. If n is equal to zero, the function returns one. Otherwise, it multiplies n by the factorial of n-1. Inside the main function, we call the factorial function with the value 5 and store the result in the result variable. We then print the result to the console using the printf function.

  1. Bubble Sort Program

Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. Here is an example of a bubble sort program in C:

#include <stdio.h>

void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) {
    int i, j, temp;
    for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) {
            if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]) {
                temp = arr[j];
                arr[j] = arr[j+1];
                arr[j+1] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    int arr[] = {5, 3, 8, 2, 1, 9};
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    bubbleSort(arr, n);
    int i;
    printf("Sorted array: ");
    for (i = 0; i

Fibonacci Series The Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. For example, the first ten numbers in the Fibonacci series are:

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34

The following code in C computes the Fibonacci series:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int n, i, t1 = 0, t2 = 1, nextTerm;
    printf("Enter the number of terms: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);

    printf("Fibonacci Series: ");

    for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        printf("%d, ", t1);
        nextTerm = t1 + t2;
        t1 = t2;
        t2 = nextTerm;
    }
    return 0;
}

In this code, the user is prompted to enter the number of terms they want to display in the Fibonacci series. The variables t1 and t2 are initialized to the first two terms of the series, and the for loop computes the next term by adding t1 and t2 and then updating t1 and t2 to their next values.

Example : String Reversal String reversal is a common programming problem where the goal is to reverse the order of characters in a given string. The following code in C reverses a string:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str[100];
    int i, j, len;
    printf("Enter a string: ");
    scanf("%s", str);
    len = strlen(str);
    j = len - 1;

    for (i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
        char temp = str[i];
        str[i] = str[j];
        str[j] = temp;
        j--;
    }

    printf("Reversed string is: %s", str);
    return 0;
}

In this code, the user is prompted to enter a string, which is stored in the str variable. The length of the string is computed using the strlen() function. The for loop swaps the characters at the beginning and end of the string until the middle of the string is reached, effectively reversing the order of characters in the string. Finally, the reversed string is printed to the console.

Conclusion: In conclusion, C programming language is an important language for computer science students to learn. It is widely used in various industries and is particularly useful for low-level programming tasks. Ankitcodinghub.com has a team of experts who are well-versed in C programming and can provide homework help, project assistance, and other programming services. The team has experience working with a wide range of C programming concepts and can provide assistance with coding examples like those presented in this article.

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Java Assignment Help

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Java Assignment Help | Java Homework Help

Our website is number 1 in Java Assignment Help. This is preferred destination for various students to get their Java Projects and Homework Done.

Ankitcodinghub.com tutors have vast knowledge in coding and programming classes for elementary, middle-school, high school ,colleges and university classes.

Our tutors will follow the university guidelines and specifications given by you thoroughly and then provide well commented java solutions and reports. Students who feel troublesome to complete the assignment in a short notice or burdened with other assignments can approach us for the best writing aid.

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Java Programming Overview

What is Java?

Before writing any code, it is good to have a general idea of what computer programming is in the first place. This lesson will go over what programming languages do and how they interact with computers. In addition, it will explain what sets Java apart from other languages and why it is useful. Finally, this lesson will discuss how Java is used in the real world and in FRC.

What are Programming Languages?

Even though modern computers may seem to be incredibly powerful and intelligent machines, they are really quite stupid. Computers take instructions from a computer program and interpret them literally. To illustrate this, think about the following sentence:

I saw a person on a hill with a telescope.

What does this sentence mean? Assuming you have a working knowledge of the English language, the sentence probably makes sense to you. However, different people may come to different conclusions about its meaning because it is totally ambiguous. A few possible meanings of the sentence include:

  • I saw the person. The person was on the hill. I was using a telescope.
  • I saw the person. I was on the hill. I was using a telescope.
  • I saw the person. The person was on the hill. The hill had a telescope.
  • I saw the person. I was on the hill. The hill had a telescope.
  • I saw the person. The person was on the hill. The person was using a telescope.

Indeed, the message conveyed by the sentence depends on the person reading it and the context of the sentence. We take advantage of this when speaking English, but computers don’t have such a luxury: they cannot use context when interpreting programs, so programs must be unambiguous. Computers have to interpret programs exactly the same way every single time. One could only imagine the consequences if the computers controlling air traffic or nuclear weapons behaved unpredictably due to differences in context.

The result of this is that computer programs are very specific sets of instructions. Computers interpret programs literally so that they execute precisely the same way every single time. The part of the computer responsible for interpreting and executing computer programs is known as the central processing unit (CPU).

A CPU takes takes computer programs in the form of machine code and sends electrical signals to execute the programs. Machine code is written in binary (0s and 1s), so it is totally incomprehensible to humans. As a result, we have developed what are known as higher-level programming languages. The higher-level a programming language is, the easier it is for humans to read and write.

Systems programming languages like C and C++ tend to be the lowest-level languages that humans work with frequently. They are readable by humans, but they are still fairly complicated. They tend to be used in situations where performance (execution speed) is important such graphic-intensive games or database software.

Above low-level languages like C and C++ are high-level languages like Java, Python, and Ruby. These languages are easier to read and write than low-level languages, but they are normally slower. In addition, they give the programmer far less direct control over the computer. There are some things that you simply cannot do in a high-level language like Java that you can in C++.

Why use Java?

If C and C++ are readable by humans and faster than Java, why would anyone use Java? There are a couple of reasons why people frequently use high-level languages like Java. Firstly, as mentioned already, even though humans can read and write C and C++, it is easier to read and write Java since Java is higher-level. Besides this, in many cases, the difference in speed between C or C++ and Java is unimportant. The final reason that Java is so popular is its philosophy of “write once, run anywhere”.

To understand this principle, you first must understand how programs written in low-level languages are executed. To run a C program, one must compile it. A compiler translates code in a language like C to machine code that the CPU can execute directly.

Now, think about all the different computers you have. If you have a laptop and a smartphone, they almost certainly have different CPUs inside. Your laptop almost certainly has a CPU made by Intel or AMD, and your phone probably has a CPU made by Apple, Qualcomm, or Samsung. Although it may seem like it, none of these CPUs functions in exactly the same way. Different CPUs have different types of machine code because they have different sets of instructions they can execute. Desktop/laptop CPUs normally have large instruction sets (x86) to maximize performance while mobile CPUs often have small instruction sets (ARM) to improve battery life.

Since different CPUs have different types of machine code, a program compiled from C on one computer might not run correctly on another computer (if it runs at all). Even though the C code is the same, the compiled machine code is different. This means that a program compiled from C cannot easily be shared with other people; their computers might not execute it the same way.

The Java philosophy of “write once, run anywhere” means that after writing and compiling Java code, the same compiled program can run on any computer. The way Java does this is with an intermediate language called Java bytecode. When you compile a Java program, it gets translated into Java bytecode—not machine code. Then, the Java bytecode can be distributed to any computer with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed. The JVM executes Java bytecode by converting it into machine code for the specific CPU. This means that the only people who have to worry about the differences between different CPUs are the people who create the JVM.

One limitation you might think of to this process is that to run a Java bytecode program, a computer must have a JVM installed. However, Java is so ubiquitous that most computers have it. Indeed, lots of computers come with it preinstalled.

There are two main software packages that contain a JVM. The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is intended for consumers. It contains a JVM and several other libraries required to run Java bytecode. The other package is the Java Development Kit (JDK), which is intended for programmers. The JDK includes the JRE and a compiler to translate Java into Java bytecode.

Java Today

Java is not the only language to abide by the “write once, run anywhere” principle. There are other programming languages that are compiled into Java bytecode and executed on the JVM. This includes languages like Scala, Kotlin, and Clojure. Each of these languages is newer than Java and improves on some of its flaws.

Despite the existence of these newer languages, Java still haas a large presence in technology throughout the world. In fact, according to the TIOBE index (a measure of programming language popularity), Java is the second most-used programming language in the world (as of May 2020). The only language more popular is C. Lots of older code is written in Java and needs to be maintained; it would be too expensive to completely rewrite it in another language. In addition, new applications are written in Java all the time. Fields in which Java is common include web development, Android apps, and business applications.

For the FIRST Robotics Competition, teams can use Java, C++, or LabVIEW. Our team uses Java for a plethora of reasons. LabVIEW is a graphical programming language developed by National Instruments (the company that makes the roboRIO), and it is meant to be easy for rookie teams to use, but its graphical syntax makes it cumbersome for experienced teams like us. C++ is a very powerful and popular language, but it is needlessly complicated for our team. In addition, its extra speed compared to Java is unnecessary for FRC. Most importantly, the AP Computer Science classes in our school district teach Java, so we have far more people with experience in it than in C++.

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Database Assignment Help

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Database Assignment Help | Database Homework Help

Our website is number 1 in Database Assignment Help. This is preferred destination for various students to get their Database Projects and Homework Done.

Ankitcodinghub.com tutors have vast knowledge in coding and programming classes for elementary, middle-school, high school, colleges and university classes.

Our tutors will follow the university guidelines and specifications given by you thoroughly and then provide well commented Database solutions and reports. Students who feel troublesome to complete the assignment in a short
notice or burdened with other assignments can approach us for the best writing aid.

You can view and order our completed projects by clicking below button.

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1. Overview of Database Programming

Databases and database management systems have become a very essential part of today’s information systems. Most of our day-today activities certainly include a database interaction. It starts nowadays with the newly born children who get a record number in most of the governments in our modern world. It is involved in everything after that, going to school, graduating, getting a job, running or managing a business, buying travel tickets or even getting your groceries.

The purpose of this project is to take a look on the origins of databases from different perspectives (1) Its development over the years (2) different technologies adopted and (3) to take a look forward at what the future may hold for databases.

The ancient or modern society, humans and organizations always have the everlasting demand to store and retrieve information and data. Long ago, simple and non-computerized database system was developed and used in hospitals, governments, and libraries, of which some basic concepts of the design are still applied in nowadays database application. Following is the revolution timeline of the databases and their different types. 

Origins of the database go back to libraries, governmental, business and medical records before the computers were invented. And back to 1960’s, two main data models were developed – network model CODASYL (Conference on Data System Language) and hierarchical model IMS (Information Management System). 

The first generation of database was navigational. The relational database model was invented in 1970’s by E.F. Codd. whose model later became the standard principal of database systems. Also during that time, IBM developed the prototype system called System R. During 1980’s, it’s the time when relational system began to commercialized and the concept of the object-oriented database was developed.  In 1990’s, developments were more focused on the client tools such as Oracle Developer and VB. When came to the 21st century, more interactive applications appeared and there is a growing trend to  provide more sophisticated programming logic within the database structure.

. Database Development Timeline:

2.1 The Sixties

Back to 1960’s, Cobol and with Cobol, and later Fortran, the first non-proprietary programming language has been developed. And this makes it possible to create enterprise computer systems. Based on this, two main data models were developed, which are network model by C.W.Bachman (Bachman 1965) and hierarchical model IMS (Information Management System).  

In the late 1960’s, IBM created the very first commercial system IMS for American Airlines to help them store reservation data. Both kinds of DBMSs (hierarchical and network) were accessible using Cobol, which makes it controllable to maintain and manage the database, but it’s still complicated and time consuming.

2.2 The Seventies

In 1970, a totally different database model was created by Edgar F. Codd. He published his paper “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks”. In the paper, Codd stated that all the data in a database could be represented as a tabular structure (tables with columns and rows).  In the past, database applications are considered to search for data only by content instead of following links. 

Peter Chen, proposed a new database model in 1976, which is the entity-relation model. And it serves as the foundation of many systems analysis and design methodologies.

2.3 The Eighties

In the early 1980s, research was centered on another type of database. It’s mainly due to the demand to solve the requirement to deal with large scale of data and complicated object. To accomplish these tasks, the database had to be able to store classes and objects and the objects associations and methods, and the object-oriented DBMS (OODBMS) appeared. In the late 1980s several companies had invented OODBMSs (e.g. ObjectDesign, Versant).

Also,  SQL has become the standard query language from then. And RDBMS was beginning to be widely used in market. Not long after the IMB PC’s coming out, more and more DB companies were built as well as the products.

2.4 The Nineties

For 1990’s, most of the progresses were made concentrating on client tools for application development, such as PowerBuilder (Sybase), Oracle Developer, and VB (Microsoft). 

The client-server model for computing served as the norm for future business analysis and decision. around the mid 1990’s after the internet emerged to the market, open source solutions came online with widespread use of GCC (GNU) Complier Collection), CGI (Computer Generated Imagery), Apache, and MySQL. Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) and Online Analytic Processing (OLAP) became much more popular because of the wide application of POS. 

2.5 Early 21st Century

When coming to 21st century, database applications continue to develop. Thanks to the development of PDAs (Personal Data Assistants), consolidation of vendors, transections, more and more interactive database applications have been created. And apart from storing and retrieving data, the database application began to adopt more sophisticated programming language as well as more advanced features like triggers, cascading update, and delete. This makes database run more consistently within tables. 

3. Database Types:

A database (DB) is basically grouped amount of data organized in a way that allows a computer program termed the Database Management System (DBMS) may easily manage it.

A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of software programs that gives a user the interaction ability to store, modify and extract data from a certain database. It enables the definition, creation, query, update and administration of databases. 

There are three main categories of database management systems, and these are hierarchical, network and relational models. Each type differs in how the DBMS organizes data internally, and this determines the speed and efficiency of data retrieval. 

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3.1 Network Model

The network model is often used for a database management system if the relationships between the data records are defined in form of a graph. The records in this form are connected together via links and any given record may have several parent and/or dependent records. The network model permits cycles and allows many-to-many relationships to be expressed in a simple graph-like structure.

General Electric’s Integrated Data Store (IDS) and the Integrated Database Management System (IDMS) are two significant examples depicting the adoption of network model in databases.

3.2 Hierarchical Model

The hierarchical model is often used for a database management system if the relationships between data records are defined in form of a tree-like structure. It implies simple relationships yet inflexible. The records in this form are connected via links and any given record may have only one parent, though, it can have several child nodes.

The hierarchical model is a restricted version of the network model where at any given point the whole tree needs to be traversed in order to retrieve data. The IBM Information Management System (IMS) is one of the most widely used hierarchical databases.

3.3 Relational Model

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a system where a relation is defined as a set of tuples represented by a table. Each column in the table contains data of the same type. Business rules are implemented in this kind of database by employing constraints in form of Boolean expressions to provide restrictions on the kinds of data to be stored.

Relations’ tuples are identified by unique fields called keys. The relational database can be accessed rapidly by an index as it allows direct look-up rather than checking all tuples.

The structured query language (SQL) is the computer language that deals with relational database. It is used to perform common operations like data storage and retrieval on the database. 

The relational database deals with undefined or missing information by a three-valued logic where test results would be True, False or Null. The data in the relational model are represented as a mathematical n-ary relation. Each row in a table represents one n-tuple of a relation and cardinality is defined as the number of tuples in a relation. A tuple of a relation is considered a set, thus there is no defined ordering in a relation.

The relational model does not itself define the way in which the database handles concurrent data change requests. These changes are handled by a transaction model. A transaction is a transformation of state which has the properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, ACID. 

3.3.1 Structured Query Language (SQL)

The most popular and widely used database language SQL which was initially called SEQUEL. It was designed by IBM to retrieve and manipulate data in their database. It included common operations like insert, delete, update, query, schema creation and modification.

The most common operation in SQL is the query command, also known as SFW. It is performed by the SELECT statement to retrieve data FROM one or more tables WHERE target tuples satisfy certain condition.

The Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a subset of SQL used to add, update and delete data. The Data Definition Language (DDL) manages table and index structure. 3.3.2 Oracle Database

An Oracle database is a collection of data treated as a unit, and it is used to store and retrieve related information. It allows concurrent access to the data, thus it is a multi-user environment friendly. It is a secure database as it has the ability to prevent unauthorized access to the database and it also provides smooth recovery of information in the event of an outage.

The oracle database consists of one or more physical data files which contain all the data, along with a control file which specifies the database physical structure. In addition, it includes a logical storage that controls disc space usage.

The schema in an Oracle database is a group of objects which defines the logical structures to the database’s data. They include structures such as tables, views and indexes.

Similar to relational model, tables are the basic unit of data storage in an Oracle database, and each table has several rows and columns. The index function is not different from a relational database where it quickens access to table data, thus, enhances the data retrieval performance. 

Data dictionaries is a common part of any Oracle database, it is the place where information about the logical and physical structure of the database can be found. It is created and updated automatically to ensure data consistency and accuracy.

The Oracle database server and application tools are managed by a Database Administrator (DBA) who allocates system storage and requirements. The access to the database is always monitored and controlled as well as its performance.

4. Next Generation Databases

With the emerging of big data in the market nowadays, a need for more sophisticated database system arouse. That leads to new technologies called NOSQL databases.

The successors of IBM in the databases field now like Google started developing new systems to handle massive amounts of data. Google bigtable was introduced early 2000s to cope with data variety, velocity and volume increase, aside, the new SQL analytics which was also introduced at the same time.

NOSQL databases came into play to fill in the gap of handling unstructured data and that when we started hearing of CouchDB, MongoDB, Cassandra and Redis. Aside, Hadoop which is another merging player too in this space, has gain traction for analyzing petabytes of data especially in the business intelligence area.

Today, businesses require real-time analytics on operational data. The SQL scale-up proves too costly but scale-out removes resource constraint. Scale-out provides real-time analytics with high volume transactions. Google and Clustrix are pioneers in this space.

Database experts are forecasting that the future belongs to the scaleout SQL which will replace the single node SQL. In addition, Data warehouse type analytics will become available in real-time database. 

5. CONCLUSION

The future of databases would be of huge varieties and possibilities. The volume of database could be bigger and bigger and can tackle with huge amount of data set in a more innovative way. In the market there already exists mobile database. Technology keeps changing and improving, will solve people’s demand in a more convenient way, all you need to do is click. In business area, Distributed transaction processing is already becoming the standard for it. The future of database will continue to revolutionize and beyond our imagination.

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REFUND POLICY

ZIPTRE 2
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Thank you for your interest in AnkitCodingHub. We aim to provide clear, useful, and reliable programming, cybersecurity, AI/ML, report, and automation resources. This policy explains when refunds may be requested, how we review concerns, and how refund processing works.

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Computer science over view

ZIPTRE 2

what is the computers

History of computers

Biography of some computer engineers

CREDIT TO:Dr. Fatih Erdogan Sevilgen

What is the computer?

The word of (computer) has taken from the word of compute, which means calculating and computing . Computer is an electronic machine and nowadays one of the most effective and useful electronic machine entire world. Computer   has the capacity of receive and keep the databases according to the given instructions with a high speed and thousands of time faster than human .I want to talk about a bit about history of computer first then about the details of it.

History of computer science

2500BC people used to use the Abacus.Abacus is the first know calculating machine used for counting(addition, subtraction,division and multiplication) it is made of beads and rods. So how to use abacus ? Let me explain it to  you :

there is some instruction about how to use abacus let’s do it setup by setup.

1: Learning numbers:Play a simple game with the abacus. When it’s your turn, you say a number, such as 42, and the child “makes” it or shows it on the abacus. Then the child says a number for you and you show it on the abacus. Continue taking turns like this.

2: Going over 10 in addition: Choose for example 6 beads on one wire and 8 on the next one. You can show how the five and five on those two wires makes ten, and some are left over.

In the year 1614AD Napier’s bones was invented by (John Napier) a Scottish mathematician .A set of   bones consisted of nine rods,one for each digits and one through nine and a constant rod for the digit zero(0).In the year 1633AD the slide rule was invented by (William Oughtred).

1642 AD the rotating  wheel calculator  was first developed by French philosopher (Blaise

Pascal) .

The  first big digital  computer  in 1937 was designed  by

”Howard Icon”  and in 1944 was made by I M B company. in the first days this computer was named as a  “ automatic  calculator “. But after that the name has changed to “mark” and it had a mechanical structure .The features of mark computers were:

1:  15.5m length and 61cm width and 2.4m height.

2:  It’s  weight was more than 5 Ton.

3: it had the capability of execution less than 6 seconds.

 

 E N I AC COMPUTERS:

the first electronic computer was  by the name of (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) that has made by two American scientists (J.prosper Eckert) and (Jhon Wiliam Mauchly) in 1946.this computer  has used in world war two by American army.

ENAIC Computers had the following features:

1:  it’s limit of  the mass was 1500ft square.

2:it’s weight has reached till 30000kg.

3:more than 18000 (vacuum tubes)have used on it.

4:it was 2000 times faster than mechanical calculators because it was and electronic computer.

5:the price of that kind of computer have reached until 487000$.

E D V A C Computers:

In the year 1952” Ikuurt and Machily” two American scientists, for the first time were able to make a kind of computer which was able to save data called (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer).

U N I V A C Computers:

UNIVAC or ( Universal Atomatic Computer)

Was the first common commercial computer of united states of America. It was the first product of (Eckert and mauchly) in (Remongton Rand-INC) has produced.building of this computer has started in 1947 and has ended in 1951.

 

 

 Biography of Charles Babbage(1791-1871)

Charles Babbage was known for his contribution to the first mechanical computers,which laid groundwork for more complex  future designs.Charles Babbage an English mathematician, philosopher and and inventor  was born on December 16 ,1791 in London England. Often called “the father of computing”.Babbage detailed plans for mechanical calculating engines, difference engines and analytical engines.After that Charles Babbage aimed to make a machine which should work by automatic program called (analytical engine).But he could not make it because of his economical problem and the technology was not developed enough. the analytic engine that Charles Babbage has made it , has five attitudes which were An key inspiration to built todays computer:

1:having input devises

2:having storage devices                                               

3:having processor

4:having control section

5:having output devices

Charles Babbage has passed away on October 18, 1871 in London.

AUGUSTA ADA (1815-1851)

Augusta Ada an English woman has helped to Charles Babbage about programming the analystical engine. This woman was one of the co-workers of Charles Babbage. Augusta for the first time in the history of computer has mentioned about designing a program. This design appears IN 1842 when the Charels Babbage has invited to turin university about give a speech about his analyctical Engine.his speech was written by a mathematician called ||Louchy munara) in french.Augusta Ada was haiered to translate this speech fron french to English .and she translated wheten 9 months.and she added something neew to this speech.and she gave  it to Babbage.there was 6 parts of speech in that article and Augusta has added her ideas in the last part which was the longest instruction and explanation on that speech and she has added her new assumptions and ideas about using Algoratim in Analystic engine that people can calculate bernoly digits with it .ADA was the first person who has written and used algoritam in computer.Babbage himself has said about Ada’s masterpeace in  the year 1846.

if we say that Charles Babage is the founter of computer so we can confidently can say that Augusta Ada is the first computer programmer of computer’s history.

 

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HTML, Basics

images 1

In this post, you will learn the basic concepts for writing web pages.  This language used to create web pages is called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).  Although the actual HTML file that you write may not look like much, it will appear much different when seen through a Web Browser, such as chrome or Microsoft Internet Explorer.

 

Before writing an HTML document, you must first decide how you want your information to look like when viewed in a web browser.  For instance, you do not want all of your information just simply printed on the page.  Rather, you will want to create headings to differentiate titles from normal text.  To distinguish between the styles of your information, you must use an HTML tag.  A tag simply denotes the style of the information you are writing.  The format usually follows as such:

 

<tag name>text</tag name>

 

The ending tag name is usually preceded by a ‘/’.  This indicates when you want your current style to end.  If you do not use an ending tag, your style will be carried out until the end of the HTML document.  An overview of this process includes the following things:

 

  1. First type in your document using a word processor. For this type of file, you only need to use Notepad for Windows.  To open Notepad, click on the start menu and select the Run option.  Type ‘notepad’ in the text box and then click OK.

 

  1. Once you have typed your HTML document, save it as a text file with the extension .html.

 

  1. To view your file, open it in a Web Browser

 

Your file will now appear on the browser as it would appear on the Internet.  If you want to view the changes you make to your file simply save your changes click on the refresh or reload button to see your updated file.  If you close your browser or save your file as a different name, you must repeat the steps above.
 

 

Now, lets try and create our first HTML document.

 

  1. First open Notepad. Now type in the text below:

<HTML><HEAD>

<TITLE>

Preparing a Document for the World Wide Web

</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1>Preparing a Document for the World Wide Web</H1>

</BODY></HTML>

 

  1. Save your file on your disk as ****.html where the **** represent the first four letters of your last name.
  2. Open your HTML file in a web browser.

 

The file that you have just created contains many important concepts in writing HTML documents.

 

  1. There are two parts to every HTML file name. The second part is the .html  Every HTML document must end like this.  The other is the first part, which in this case is the first four letters of your last name, but it could be any name that you can think of.

 

  1. You also witnessed the usage of HTML tags in an actual HTML document. For instance, every HTML file begins with <HTML> and ends with </HTML>.  Other tags that you used are the <HEAD>, <TITLE>, <BODY>, and <H1> tags.  The area inside the HEAD tags contains the Title and other information.  The title is not included in the document’s text, rather it appears in the browser window.  The title should be descriptive of your document due to the fact that many Internet Searches use the title in their document searches.

 

The BODY segment of your file contains the text and other information that you want displayed on the browser screen.  Headings are included in the BODY segment.  In HTML, there are six levels of headings.  They are numbered H1 through H6.  They are used just as H1 was in your first HTML document.  Heading H1 is the most important while H6 is the least important.  Headings usually appear larger and bolder than regular text when viewed on a web browser.  However, headings can appear differently on different computers since users have the ability to change how headings appear on their individual computers.

 

Also, when using headings, always use a more important heading before a less important heading (H2 before H3).  Headings are automatically followed by a blank line.

 

Another very important feature in HTML is the paragraph tag, <p>.  To mark a paragraph in HTML, use the <p> tag.  This tag is an exception in HTML.  While most other tags require an end tag, the paragraph tag does not.

 

With the introduction of the paragraph tag, we now must deal with the problem of multiple spaces, and blank lines in the text file.

 

  1. The paragraph tag indicates breaks between paragraphs by inserting a blank line between the text before and after the paragraph tag.
  2. Blank lines included in your text file are ignored when viewed on a browser.
  3. Multiple spaces in your text file are replaced by a single space.
  4. Even if your text file uses word wrapping, it will not affect its appearance on the browser.

 

Now lets modify our HTML document to try out the new concepts.

We want to edit the current HTML document so open your ****.html file:

  1. Insert the following including all blank lines and extra spaces between the </H1> and </BODY> tags:

 

Writing HTML documents takes some planning,

But the results are worthwhile.

 

Try to keep your Web documents simple and

short—not more than a           few screens

each.  You can link lots of information

together, so don’t worry about not being able

to cover everything you want to say in a few

screens. <p>

When you plan your document, remember that

Readers can jump       into it from

Anywhere.  For this reason, try not to use

Phrases             like “as we said earlier.”

Readers might not

have been there earlier! <p>

 

Following are some HTML features to help you

Convey your message.

This document prepared by (put your name here).

 

  1. Save your file.
  2. View your file in a browser
  3. Print both the text file and the file as viewed by a web browser.

 

 

 

Other interesting features in HTML are line breaks and lists.  A line break can be used when you want to include short lines of text without extra blank lines.  The tag for line break is <br>.  Like the paragraph tag, the line break tag does not have an end tag.

 

For example:

Dr. Schmidlap <br>

123 Loveless Street <br>

Wilmington, DE 19806 <p>

 

Produces:

Dr. Schmidlap

123 Loveless Street

Wilmington, DE 19806

 

Lists are a great way for displaying information in a clear an organized fashion on the Web.  The most common HTML lists are: ordered lists, unordered lists, and definition lists.

There are a few things that you should know before using lists:

  1. Lists can be nested. That is, you can have a list inside of a list.
  2. Lists can contain many paragraphs, separated by the <p> tag.
  3. Lists create their own blank lines before and after their location. Therefore, you do not have put insert your own blank lines.
  4. Individual list elements do not need an end tag.

 

The ordered list displays the information in the list in a numerical fashion.

For instance:

<ol>

<li>List item 1

<li>List item 2

<li>List item 3

</ol>

 

Produces:

  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3

 

The unordered list follows the same syntax as the ordered list.  The only difference in the two is that the unordered list uses bullets instead of numbers to mark each list item.  The tag for an unordered list is <ul> and the end tag is </ul>.

 

Definition lists are a slightly different from the ordered and unordered lists.  They have three tags, one to start the list, one to identify the definition term and one to identify the definition (<dl>, <dt>, <dd>).  For example:

 

<dl>

<dt>Definition term

<dd>Definition

<dt>Definition term

<dd>Definition

</dl>

 

Produces:

Definition term

Definition

Definition term

Definition

 

Next we will use our knowledge of lists in our HTML document.

  1. Open your ****.html file and insert the following just above the BODY end tag (</BODY>).

 

<H2>Design aids for HTML</H2>

<ol>

<li>Formatting tags

<li>Style tags

</ol>

 

  1. Save your file and view it on the browser.
  2. Print both the text file and the file as viewed in the browser.

 

It is important to have variety in your HTML document.  An easy way to make your text look better is to change the style of the text.  Four easy ways for modifying the style of the text is to use bold, underline, italics and typewriter.  These use the tags <b>, <u>, <i> and <tt> respectively with their proper end tags (</b>, </u>, </i>, </tt>).

 

These different styles can be nested.  This means that you could combine italics and underline to create a line of text which was both underlined and italicized.

 

Now modify your HTML document to apply the new styles.

  1. Open your file
  2. After the “<li>Formatting tags” line, insert the following:

<ul>

<li>Heading tags

<li>Paragraph tags

<li>Line breaks

</ul>

 

  1. After “Style tags” insert

<ul>

<li><b>Bold text</b>

<li><i>Italic text</i>

<li><u>Underlined text</u>

<li><tt>Typewriter text</tt>

</ul>

 

  1. Save your file and view it in the browser
  2. Print both your text file and the file as viewed in the browser

 

Finally you will need to take all the concepts that you have learned and create your own HTML document.  Create a class schedule real or imagined that includes at least 6 items, uses more than one heading, an itemized list and formatting of bold and italics in some way.  It should have your name, date, and section number as the title and first heading. Save this file as Schedule.html.

Print this file out both as text and as seen in the browser. Hand in all of your printouts from the lab and the above exercise.