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Introduction to C Programming
C programming is a high-level programming language that is used to create system applications, operating systems, embedded systems, and software. It is a general-purpose programming language that was developed by Dennis Ritchie in the early 1970s at Bell Labs. The language was designed to support structured programming, which is a programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of clear and organized code.
C programming is a low-level language that provides direct access to memory, hardware, and system resources. It has a simple syntax and powerful control structures, which makes it an efficient language for creating fast and reliable software. Some of the notable features of C programming include the ability to write inline assembly code, support for pointers, and dynamic memory allocation.
C Programming Examples
- Hello World Program
The “Hello World” program is the most basic program that can be written in any programming language. It simply prints the message “Hello, World!” to the console. Here is an example of the “Hello World” program in C:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}
In this program, we include the stdio.h header file, which provides input and output functions. We then define the main function, which is the entry point of the program. Inside the main function, we call the printf function to print the message “Hello, World!” to the console. The return 0 statement is used to indicate that the program has executed successfully.
- Factorial Program
The factorial of a non-negative integer n is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. Here is an example of a factorial program in C:
#include <stdio.h>
int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 1;
} else {
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
}
int main() {
int n = 5;
int result = factorial(n);
printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", n, result);
return 0;
}
In this program, we define a recursive function factorial that calculates the factorial of a given integer n. If n is equal to zero, the function returns one. Otherwise, it multiplies n by the factorial of n-1. Inside the main function, we call the factorial function with the value 5 and store the result in the result variable. We then print the result to the console using the printf function.
- Bubble Sort Program
Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. Here is an example of a bubble sort program in C:
#include <stdio.h>
void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) {
int i, j, temp;
for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]) {
temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j+1];
arr[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
int main() {
int arr[] = {5, 3, 8, 2, 1, 9};
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
bubbleSort(arr, n);
int i;
printf("Sorted array: ");
for (i = 0; iFibonacci Series The Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. For example, the first ten numbers in the Fibonacci series are:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34
The following code in C computes the Fibonacci series:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, t1 = 0, t2 = 1, nextTerm;
printf("Enter the number of terms: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Fibonacci Series: ");
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
printf("%d, ", t1);
nextTerm = t1 + t2;
t1 = t2;
t2 = nextTerm;
}
return 0;
}
In this code, the user is prompted to enter the number of terms they want to display in the Fibonacci series. The variables t1 and t2 are initialized to the first two terms of the series, and the for loop computes the next term by adding t1 and t2 and then updating t1 and t2 to their next values.
Example : String Reversal String reversal is a common programming problem where the goal is to reverse the order of characters in a given string. The following code in C reverses a string:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
int i, j, len;
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str);
len = strlen(str);
j = len - 1;
for (i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
char temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[j];
str[j] = temp;
j--;
}
printf("Reversed string is: %s", str);
return 0;
}
In this code, the user is prompted to enter a string, which is stored in the str variable. The length of the string is computed using the strlen() function. The for loop swaps the characters at the beginning and end of the string until the middle of the string is reached, effectively reversing the order of characters in the string. Finally, the reversed string is printed to the console.
Conclusion: In conclusion, C programming language is an important language for computer science students to learn. It is widely used in various industries and is particularly useful for low-level programming tasks. Ankitcodinghub.com has a team of experts who are well-versed in C programming and can provide homework help, project assistance, and other programming services. The team has experience working with a wide range of C programming concepts and can provide assistance with coding examples like those presented in this article.
