Description
1. Assume that main memory accesses take 70 ns and that memory accesses are 36% of all instructions. The following table shows parameters for a two-level cache memory.
Size L1 16 KB L2 1 MB
Miss Rate 7.3% 1.5%
Hit Time 1.18 ns 5.34 ns
(1) What is the AMAT for the computer?
(2) Assuming the L1 hit time determines the cycle times and a base CPI is 1.0 without any
memory stalls, what is the total CPI?
2. n this exercise, we will examine how replacement policies impact miss rate. Assume a 2-way set associative cache with 4 blocks. Following table gives addresses for memory access.
- (1) Assuming an LRU replacement policy, how many hits does this address sequence exhibit?
- (2) Assuming an MRU (most recently used) replacement policy, how many hits does this
address sequence exhibit? (10 points)
- (3) Simulate a random replacement policy by flipping a coin. For example, “heads” means to
evict the first block in a set and “tails” means to evict the second block in a set. How many hits does this address sequence exhibit? Note: you should flip the coin yourself, not by computer. (10 points)
You may find following table is useful:
Block Address of memory
1
3
5
1
Hit/Miss
Evicted Block
Contents of Cache
Set 0
Set 1
3 1 3 5 3
3. (50 points) Virtual memory uses a page table to track the mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses. The following is a stream of virtual byte addresses used to access memory. Virtual addresses (in decimal): 12648, 45419, 46824, 16975, 40004, 12707, 52236
Assume 4 KB pages, a 4-entry fully associative TLB, and LRU replacement. If pages must be brought in from disk, increment to the next largest page number.
TLB:
Valid Tag Physical Page Number 1 11 12 174 136 049
Page Table:
Valid Physical Page Number 15
0 Disk
0 Disk
16 19
1 11
0 Disk 14
0 Disk 0 Disk 13
1 12
(1) Given the virtual address stream, and the initial TLB and page table states shown above, show the final state of the system. Also list for each reference if it is a hit in the TLB, a hit in the page table, or a page fault. (15 points)
(2) Repeat question (1), but this time use 16 KB pages instead of 4 KB pages. (15 points)
(3) What would be some of the advantages and disadvantages of having a larger page size? (5 points)
(4) Show the final contents of the TLB if it is 2-way set associative. (15 points)